Update

I'm currently enrolled in an "Introduction to Programming" in college. It is a prerequisite for any other programming class.The introductory course uses flowcharts and pseudocode as examples and focuses on good programming habits and some mistakes to avoid. Currently the text is covering Boolean expressions, which are true/false statements, and gives examples of good decision structuring. In one case, a program that generates phone bills sorted customers into groups then applied rates. The programmer knew that about 90% of customers would fall into a certain group so, the program asked the question that eliminated that group first. By doing this, the program is more efficient because that group has been processed after only one true/false statement.

Edit: Here is a website that does a good job explaining Boolean operators:

http://www.knowledgecenter.unr.edu/help/using/booltips.aspx

I plan on taking Java next semester but would like to start learning it on my own prior to that. I'll post the Java resources that I find and use.